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A state-owned enterprise of China (Chinese: 国有企业) is a legal entity that undertakes commercial activities on behalf of an owner government.

The legal statuses of SOEs in China varies greatly, from being a part of government to stock companies, with the state as a regular or controlling stockholder. There is no standard definition of a government-owned corporation (GOC) or state-owned enterprise (SOE), and the two terms are often used interchangeably. The defining characteristics are that they have a distinct legal shape and they are established to operate in commercial affairs.^{[citation needed]}

As of 2017^[update], China has more SOEs than any other country, and the most SOEs among large national companies.^[1]^{[page needed]} As of the end of 2019, China's SOEs represented 4.5% of the global economy^[2] and the total assets of all China's SOEs, including those operating in the financial sector, reached US$78.08 trillion.^[3]

State-owned enterprises accounted for over 60% of China's market capitalization in 2019^[4] and estimates suggest that they generated about 23-28% of China's GDP in 2017 and employ between 5% and 16% of the workforce.^[5] Ninety-one (91) of these SOEs belong to the 2020 Fortune Global 500 companies.^[6]

^ Pieke & Hofman 2022.
^ Wei, Lingling (2020-12-10). "China's Xi Ramps Up Control of Private Sector. 'We Have No Choice but to Follow the Party.'". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2022-08-22.
^ Tjan, Sie Tek (17 October 2020). "China State Firms' Assets grow even as the Government presses for lighter debt". Caixin. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
^ Hissey, Ian (17 December 2019). "Investing in Chinese State-Owned Enterprises". insight.factset.com. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
^ Zhang, Chunlin (15 July 2019). "How Much Do State-Owned Enterprises Contribute to China's GDP and Employment?" (PDF). World Bank. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 August 2023. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
^ Tjan, Sie tek (18 August 2020). "The Biggest but not the Strongest: China's place in the Fortune Global 500". www.csis.org. Retrieved 19 October 2020.